Once you’ve decided to investigate a dynamic website powered 
by a content management system, you’re likely to hear or read
some unfamiliar names, words and acronyms.
There will be talk of Joomla, WordPress, Drupal and others, modules and extensions, themes, open source versus proprietary solutions, and much more. To help you get grounded in the world of CMS, here are some of the words you’ll see most frequently and what they mean:
CMS
You’ve probably heard this acronym dozens of times. But what is it? Simply put, a content management system (CMS) is a layer of software that sits between the user (visitors or administrators) and the hardware, software and content that makes up and delivers the page. The CMS is designed to be user friendly. Administrators, for instance, can add, update or delete content via an easy-to-use administration page. The CMS tells the underlying components what to do. In other words, it translates commands that are easily understood by users into commands that are understandable by servers and databases. Visitors won’t necessarily know that they’re interacting with a CMS, except that the content is fresh and the design consistent across the site.
Modules or Extensions
One of the advantages of all content management systems is their extensibility and flexibility. If you want your site to have a chat room, a discussion board, a shopping cart or some other feature, you will add a module or extension. These are much like apps for your smartphone. You pick from a selection (there are thousands available) and install via the CMS’ administration page. With just a few clicks, the functionality is available to users of your site. If the module doesn’t work as expected, it can be just as easily removed. Typically, module installers take care of all necessary backend work. You need not worry about creating new databases, setting permissions or making any configuration changes.
WYSIWYG Editors
Most CMS programs allow users to change pages using a what-you-see-is-what-you-get (WYSIWYG) tool. The text that you enter shows up exactly as you entered it. If you can format text using a word processor, you can make changes to your site via one of these tools. As soon as you save the document, the changes are instantly available on your site. There are WYSIWYG tools available for static sites, too.
Themes
With a CMS, you are in control of the overall look and feel of your site. If you get tired of it, you can simply change a setting and switch to a new theme in the easy-to-use CMS administration page. Thousands of predefined themes are available with most CMS packages. If you can’t find one that suits you, you can create one from scratch – or hire a developer to do the job. Once the theme is selected, it changes the look across your site. There’s no need to manually change each page.
Open Source or Proprietary
When exploring CMS solutions, you’ll often see references to open source and proprietary software. These terms describe two very different software-development philosophies. Proprietary software is owned and controlled by a single company. Microsoft, for instance, has a CMS called SharePoint. Its developers update the underlying code, and the company licenses the product to users. If there’s a bug, or you want a feature that requires an underlying update to the code, you must wait for the next update to see if the feature will be supported or the fix made.
Open-source software isn’t owned or controlled by a single company. Instead, its underlying code is freely distributed and updated by volunteer developers on the condition that any improvements they make be made available to everyone. Such software is usually freely available and very frequently updated. And because it’s maintained by a worldwide community of developers, there’s never any problem finding someone to make changes for customizations specific to your organization.
Popular Open-Source CMS Solutions
WordPress is probably the best known CMS and powers thousands of websites around the world. It got its start as a blogging platform, though today it can do much more. There are modules available to support almost any need imaginable, from search engine optimization to e-commerce shopping carts.
Drupal has an extremely active community and is ideal for everyone from individuals to large companies. In fact, it’s maintained by more than 630,000 users and developers around the world. Unlike WordPress, which still has remnants of its past as a blogging platform, Drupal has had no such bias. You can make your site look like a blog, a portal or anything else using this powerful software.
Joomla is another popular open-source CMS. It’s well known for an easy-to-use installer that works in most shared hosting environments as well as its attractive administration interface. There are more than 3,200 extensions available to add any feature under the sun. However, many of the plugins, unlike other CMS solutions, do come with a price.

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